Is Holly Toxic to Cats and Dogs?
Holly is a common decorative plant, especially during the winter, but it is toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Both the leaves and the colorful berries pose a risk if ingested by an animal. While holly is considered to have a low level of toxicity, eating any part of the plant can lead to an uncomfortable reaction and illness.
The toxic components in holly are chemical compounds known as saponins. These substances are what cause the adverse effects seen in pets that have consumed the plant. It is important for pet owners to be aware of the risks associated with having holly in their homes or yards.
Holly: what the ASPCA database lists
| ASPCA entry | Holly |
|---|---|
| Other common names | English Holly, European Holly, Oregon Holly, Inkberry, Winterberry, American Holly |
| Scientific name | Ilex opaca |
| Family | Aquifoliaceae |
| Toxic to | Toxic to Dogs, Toxic to Cats, Toxic to Horses |
| Non-toxic to | None listed |
| Toxic principles | saponins |
| Clinical signs listed | Vomiting, diarrhea and depression. Leaves and berries are low toxicity. |
Why Holly is a Risk to Pets
The scientific name for the most common variety is Ilex opaca, and it belongs to the Aquifoliaceae plant family. Holly is officially listed as toxic for dogs, cats, and horses. Several varieties share this toxicity, including those commonly known as English Holly, European Holly, Oregon Holly, Inkberry, Winterberry, and American Holly.
The primary toxic principles found in the holly plant are saponins. If a pet consumes holly, these compounds can irritate the digestive system. The most common clinical signs of holly poisoning are vomiting and diarrhea. An affected pet might also show signs of depression. Although the plant’s leaves and berries are described as having low toxicity, they are still capable of causing significant gastrointestinal upset.
Holly in the Home and Garden
In a home with pets, the presence of holly requires careful management. A curious dog or a climbing cat might be tempted to chew on the leaves or eat the bright red berries. Ingesting any part of the plant can lead to vomiting and diarrhea. Beyond its chemical toxicity, the sharp, spiny leaves of many holly varieties can cause physical discomfort, potentially scratching or irritating a pet’s mouth and throat if they are chewed or swallowed.
Holly is a very popular decoration during the winter holidays, frequently used in wreaths, garlands, and table centerpieces. These festive arrangements can be a direct hazard if they are placed within a pet’s reach. It is also important to remember that even dried holly leaves and berries can retain their toxic properties and pose a threat.
Preventing Holly Ingestion
The most effective way to keep your pets safe is to prevent them from accessing holly altogether. If you use holly for decoration, place all arrangements like wreaths or garlands well out of your pet’s reach. Remember that cats are skilled climbers, so a high shelf or mantelpiece may not be a secure enough location. Consider using artificial, pet-safe decorations as an alternative.
For holly plants growing in your yard, always supervise your dog when it is outside. This helps prevent them from chewing on the bush or eating berries that have fallen to the ground. It is a good habit to regularly clear away any fallen leaves or berries to reduce temptation. Before bringing any new plant into your home or garden, it is a wise practice to check a reliable toxic plant resource to confirm it is safe for your animals.
When to call your vet
If your pet chewed or ate part of this plant, call your veterinarian or an animal poison control line. Note which plant and which part, how much may be gone and when, and take a photo or a piece of the plant with you.
If you suspect your pet has eaten any part of a holly plant, it is important to seek professional advice right away. Contact your veterinarian or an animal poison control hotline, such as the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. Have information ready about what part of the plant and how much your pet may have consumed, as well as when the ingestion occurred. If the holly was part of a purchased decoration, keep any packaging or labels. Never attempt to induce vomiting or administer home remedies unless a veterinary professional gives you specific instructions to do so.
Emergency signs: go now
- Collapse, fainting or severe weakness
- Seizures, tremors or trouble standing
- Trouble breathing or blue, gray or very pale gums
- Repeated vomiting or retching, or a swollen, painful belly
- Any known contact with a substance listed as toxic, even before signs appear
Book an appointment soon
- Vomiting or diarrhea that lasts or keeps coming back
- Not eating or drinking, or drinking much more than usual
- Drooling, pawing at the mouth or a swollen face
- Lethargy, hiding or acting unlike themselves
ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center: (888) 426-4435 (a consultation fee may apply). Your own vet or nearest emergency clinic is always a good first call.
Sources
Last checked October 21, 2026. Listings and guidance can change; your veterinarian knows your pet’s health history.